Bomb Huaisar

By: Zoramchhana, Singapore
1945 August thla khan US chuan Japan luhlul tukdawl nan, Hiroshima-ah Little Boy tia hming a pek bomb pakhat a thlak a, vawilehkhatah mihring sing ruk leh sang ruk chawp-leh-chihin an thih bakah, khaw pumpui mai chu khawvel atanga phiahthlak ang maiin a bo duak a. Japan chuan chutiang em em a, bomb chak leh hlauhawm chu US in pakhat chauh a nei a nih a ring ni ngei tur a ni, a la tlawm duh chuang lova, US chuan le Nagasaki khuah, a dang tamtak an la neih thu nemngheh nan, Fat Man tia hming a vuah a thlak leh a. Japan tawrh chi a ni tawh lo, tlawm thu a puang a, Khawvel Indopui II pawh a tawp ta a.

Nia, Fat Man leh Little Boy te kha tuna kan sawi tur Nuclear Bomb chu an ni a. Atom bomb leh Hydrogen bomb tiin an then hrang bawk a, a bawl hlo, a siam leh invuah dan te, kah-zia atangin mawlmang-chipchiar thei ang bera sawi kan tum ang. Science zir tawh tan chuan a ninawm ang tih a chiang sa a.

A hmasa ber atan, he thil hi; hun ka la nei lova, a takin ka la siam hman loh bakah an siamna hmunah pawh ka la kal ngai si lova, Kawles ka kal laia ka zir te, lehkhabu hrang hrang leh internet rinchhana ziak ve mai ka nih thu ka puang e.

.(*) ka pek te hi a hnuaiah hrialhfiahna/sawizauna ka dah

Element (Thil):
Scientist ho chuan “Lei leh vang leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng, nunna nei leh nei lo, hi thil (Element) chi 117* inchhunfin/chawhpaw lh vek an lo ni” tiin an sawi. A awmzia chu, eng thil pawh hi han bih chiang tak tak i la, Element 117 chhunga mi vek inremkhawm a lo ni a. Kan hriat lar deuh Element te chu, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Silver, Sulphur, Gold, leh a dang tam tak an ni a. Element te hi an lan danin chi thumin an then theih a, a khal (Solid), a tui/hnun (Liquid) leh hu/khu/thli (Gas) tiin.

Kan nunna atan pawimawhber pakhat ‘tui’ hi Oxygen leh Hydrogen inchawh pawlh a ni a, kan thawk luh thin ‘thli’ hi Oxygen tiin hming an vuah a, Carbon Dioxide kan thaw chhuak thung. A mah ngau ngau chuan Oxygen leh Hydrogen te hi Gas ve ve an ni a, mahse an inkawp chiah chu ‘tui’ ah a lo chang ta tihna a ni a. Tui hi a te thei angberin han phel sin zel i la, ‘tui’ a nihna a vawn theih hnuhnung ber chinah chuan Oxygen mu khat leh Hydrogen mu hnih chauh an lo ni ang. Oxygen leh Hydrogen te chu han dah hrang i la ‘tui’ a ni tawh lovang a, Oxygen leh Hydrogen an ni tawh mai dawn tihna a ni a.

Atom:
Kan sawi tak Oxygen/Hydrogen ‘mu’ te chu Atom an ti a, chuvangin ‘tui’ nihna kengkawh tur chuan Oxygen (a lawmtawi O) Atom pakhat leh Hydrogen (a lam tawi H) Atom pahnih a tul tihna a ni. A tawi zawngin ‘tui’ hi H2O an ti reng a. Tui a nihna kengkawhtu te ber H2O (mu thum) hlawm khat te hi Molecule an ti a, chuvangin tui hi H2O molecule tam tak awmkhawm a ni ber ang chu. Hetia molecule ni tura an awmkhawm (inzawmkhawm/inphiar khawm) hi Bond an ti a. Element chi hrang hrang bond dan chi hrang hranga inkawp/phelh/belh kual tir hna hi Reaction an ti a, Element chi hrang hrang belhkhawm hi Compound an ti bawk.

A chunga kan sawi H2O chhunga Oxygen mu khat (Atom pakhat) hi han bih chiang leh i la; mu khat te a lo awm nilnel a ni ngawt lo! Thil chi 3 I hmu ang, Particles an ti a, chu chu, a laiah Proton leh Neutron an awm a, tin, he mite pahnih hi Nucleus tiin hming an pe a, chu Nucleus chu Electron ten a lo hel mep mep ang. Nucleus hi Atom a nihna, rihna kengkhawhtu ang a ni a, a heltu Electron te hi chhum zam anga teh khin thin an ni bawk. Element dang te pawh hetiang tho hi a ni vek a, Atom laimu Nucleus chhunga Proton awm zat in ang lo mai an ni a. Kan sawi mek neutral* Oxygen Atom chhungah hian Proton pa riat a awm a, chu chu Electron pa 8 ten an hel a ni.

Element te hi Nucleus chhunga Proton awmzat en a, thliar/hming pek an ni a. Proton awmzat in ang Element ah pawh Neutron awmzat a lo danglam leh thei a, chu chu, Isotope an ti. Entir nan Carbon Element hian Proton paruk a nei a, Neutron pawh paruk chiah awm ve tur a nih lain Carbon then khat chuan Proton pasarih te an nei a, thenkhatah chuan pariat te. Chungte chu Carbon Isotopes an ti a. Hnam khat chhunga Chi peng hrang hrang kan awm ang hi a ni ang chu.

H2O kan sawi ang deuh khan chung Atom chhunga thil chi 3 (Neutron, Proton, Electron) te chu a hrangin han dah (Atom chu vaw keh) ta I la a nihna ngai a pu tawh lovang a, chakna(Energy) lo chhuakin, nucleus chu pahnihah an phel anga, Proton pawh an in zat sem nghal ang a, chuvangin Element chi dang pahnih a lo ni daih ang, nucleus chhunga Proton awmzat a danglam dawn a vangin.

Tui far khatah hian Oxygen Atom 2 sextillion (2 hnungah 0 sawmhnih leh pakhat) leh Hydrogen Atom 4 sextillion awm niin an sawi thin. Atom pakhat tet tur zia chu a chhut theih mai awm e. Chuvangin, kan sawi tawh angin, Atom hi han vaw keh I la, Atom dang pahnih leh chakna a hring ang a, chakna (energy) lo chhuak chuan a bula Atom dang kha a nghawng keh zel ang a, chutiang zel chuan a in-kah-puk chaw kual ang a, a tawpah chuan, saihlum tiat lek thil pakhat pawh Atom atanga chakna lo chhuak khawm chuan chakna ropui tak rawn ti chhuakin ri lian tak a rawn nei dawn tihna a ni.

Thil atanga chakna rawn chhuak tur zat hi Albert Einstein chuan E=mc2 tiin a chawk chhuak a. Chu chu, thil ten E(energy) an pai zat kan chhut duh chuan chu thil rihlam(m) leh second khata eng kal hlat theih zat(c) bin 2 nen pun tur a ni. Eng(light) hi second khatah mel 1,86,000 a kal hman a, a binhnih tur chu!! Chu mi zawhah kan thil chhut duh rih lam nen pun (multiply-saa) leh tur a ni a; thil te tak te pawhin chakna rapthlak tak a pai tun mai tih a chiang em em a ni.

Mahse, Atom laimu Nucleus-a Proton leh Neutron te hi in char bet tlat an nih avangin Nucleus chhut phel hi thil awl-ai lo tak a ni. Element vai deuh thaw hi mahni nihnaa lungawi, nghel nghet tlat, an ni a, chi dangah a sawm mai mai theih lo va, chu chu Stable an ti a. Chaka an neih zawng zawng ti chhuak tur chuan a keh a ngai bawk si a ni. Piangthar tak tak tur chuan Mihring hlui thih a ngai hmasa an tih ang deuh hi a ni ang chu.

Chakna (energy) lo chhuak (Keima suangtuahna):
Thing hi Carbon Compound chi hrang hrang in belhkhawm a ni a, kan han tuah a, a alh hluah hluah a. Chu chu Atom atanga chakna lo chhuak, kan sawi chu a ni a. Mahse Carbon Atom nihna bo rawk khawpin a keh chhe lo tih chu mel hawl, vap leh mei khu lo chhuak atang hian a hriat theih mai a. Carbon Atom atang chuan engemaw chen chakna a lo chhuak a, a alh hi a ni a, a keh darh vek loh avangin Carbon Atom chu chakna nei tlem zawk emaw thiltihtheihna dang nei Carbon Atom dangah a in lum let (mei hawlah a lo chang) ta tihna a ni a, a Atom then khat chu mei khu dum, Carbondioxide an tih Carbon chi dang thoah a inthlakthleng ve bawk a.

Khawnvartui pawh hi Carbon Compound hlawm tho a ni a, a alh na (chakna a chhuah tam thei) viau nan, Carbon a nihna bo khawpin a keh chuang lova, a then chu a khu angin a chhuak tih a hmuh theih a.

Mihring kan thawkin Oxygen kan thaw lut tih kan sawi tawh a, hei hi, kan kawchhung thilsen zungzama Cell tinah Oxygen kha va kehsawmin ‘a chakna’ a va chhuah a, thisen cell ten an duh loh, Carbondioxide an paih chhuah chu kan thaw chhuak leh a ni.

Rangkachak leh thir-te hi Element ah chuan an nihna ti bo khawpa chakna an tih chhuak a harsa ngawt ang, Stable sak tha em em an nih avangin; chutiang bawkin lung tum pawh. Suan (Lead) hi a Atom keh sawm har bera an sawi chu a ni.

Uranium:
1789 khan Uranium Element hi hmuh chhuah a ni a. 1897 hnulamah Scientists ten Radioactivity* an hmuh chhuah chinah ngaihven a hlawh ta em em a; he element hi stable na tlachham tak a nihna avangin a nihna borawk khawpin a tih keh theih tih an hre zui zel a; a maha dah mai mai pawhin a Atom chhunga Proton lo danglamin Element dangah a chang daih thei a ni.

Uranium Atom chhungah nucleus a kehin chakna (Energy) a lo chhuak a, Atom pahnih a lo piang bawk a, chu ti chuan, a bula Atom dang bakah, chu atom atanga a dang pahnih lo chhuak te pawh chutiang zelin a keh zel a, chu chu Chain-Reaction an ti a, Second khat lekah hetiang a chakna lo chhuak hi, a rura tham hle a ni. Chutichuan mithiamten a puak keh natzia an hriat avangin thilfim-in bomb atan siam chhuah a tum ta zel a.

Manhattan Project:
Khawvel ram chak leh hausa te chuan sum tamtak sengin Uranium hmanga bomb siam an tum ta mup mup a, Indopui II thlen hma khan an ngaihven nasa zual a. US chuan 1942-1945 khan (British leh Canadian scientist te nen tangrualin) ‘Manhattan Project’ tia hming vuahin, a Scientist thiam filawr te chu khung hrangin ngawrh takin a bei a. Hetih lai hian Hitler-a Germany ten siam chhuak mai tur anga thu an dawn avangin, Manhattan Project hotupa* J. Robert Oppenheimer chuan, kha tih laia Scientist hming thang ber, Einstein-a chu president Roosevelt hnenah a pawimawhzia lehkha thawn turin a ngen sek ani. Chutichuan Einstein-a chu; Uranium hmanga bomb siam duh miah lo a ni a, Manhattan Project-a tel si lovin Nuclear Bomb siam chhuah a nih theihna turah thuk takin a lo inhnamhnawih reng mai a ni.

Atom laimu nucleus kehphel a nih vangin Nuclear Bomb tiin a hming an vuah a. A tih phel dan chihnih te hming chawiin Fission type Bomb leh Fusion type Bomb a awm bawk, Fission type te chu Atom Bomb kan tih mai hi an ni a, Hydrogen Bomb hi Fusion type a ni.

Fission type ah pawh hian chihnih a awm leh a, Bomb chhunga Uranium Atom tih keh dan tur an duah dan a zirin; kil khat atangin silai nena kah ang hian Uranium hlawm chu a dang an kah tir a, Gun-type fission bomb an ti a, Hiroshima an thlak kha hetiang chi hi a ni a, U-235 Kg 64 hman a ni a, a bomb rihlam chu kg 4000 a ni a, test chhin miah lova an thlak a ni a, a puahnatzia chu TNT, Bomb puank na chi, 12, 500 ton nen a in hen a ni awm e. Implosion-type fission a awm leh a, Nagasaki-a an thlak ang kha a ni. Hei hian U-235 hmang lovin Plutonium a hmang thung bawk, a lai Plutonium dah a ni a, thil puak thei dangin an hual tir a, chung ho ep puah a ni ber ang chu.

U-235:
Uranium nazawng hi bomb siam nan a hman tlak vek kher lo leh zel a. A chunga kan sawi Isotope chi khat U-235 chauh hi a hman nghal mai theih a ni. Khawvel lei lung atanga an laih chhuah zawng zawng zinga 99% hi Uranium 238(U-238) a ni a, bomb siam nana hman tur Uranium 235(U-235) erawh chu 0.7% emaw lek a ni a. 238 leh 235 te hi Isotope hming a ni a, Atom rih lam teha thliar/hming vuah a ni.

(pic) U-235 keh atanga chakna leh Element dang (Ba leh Kr) lo chhuak
U-238 pawh hi Plutonium a siam in; Atom chhunga Proton pakhat an belha Element thar a lo nita a, Plotonium-239 tiin hming an pe a, Bomb atan hman theih zel a ni a, U-235 hlang hmuh a harsat avangin tun laiah (an sawngbawl buaithlak zawk mahse) an hmang uar zawk mah a ni.

(pic) U-238 hrawl (la thlitfim loh)
Leilung atanga an laih chhuah Uranium hrawl (inchawh pawlh) atang chuan U-235 hlang hmu turin thlitfim fe a ngai a. Uranium hi kan sawi tawh angin Atom keh awlber a ni a, hmanrua bik tel lova han khawih mai chi a ni lo, tih sual chuan a mah atang hian chakna zungzam hlauhawm tak tak a chhuak mai thei a, chu chu Radioactive ray an ti a, a hlauhawmin fimkhur a ngai em em a ni.

An laih chhuahte chu a hmasa berin rawtsawmin an thian fai a, rawhtuia phoro that a ngai leh a; chu ti chuan Yellow Cake an tih hrawl dangah an siam phawt a. Yellow Cake chu thil chi hrang hrang (Acid, Hydrogen, Oxygen, etc) nen Reaction an neih tir leh a, a tawpah chuan Uraniumhexafloride (UF6) ah an siam chhuak ta a ni.

(pic) Uraniumhexafloride darthlalang chunga bet:
Uraniumhexafloride hi hman tangkai a la theih mai lova, U-235 leh U-238 inchawhpawlh a la ni tho. Damdawi leh Electric tha atan chauhva hmang tur chuan U-235 5% chauh a ngai a, Bomb atan chuan 90% (U-235 hlang hlarh deuh thaw) a ngai thung a. Hetianga U-235 hlawm ni tura thlitfim hna hi ‘enrichment’ an ti a, an tih dan lar ber chu, khawl chi khat, bus a an hman chi gas bur ang chi, chhungah Uraniumhexafluoride thunin Gas chu an herh vir vak a, a zang zawk U-235 chu a a chunglam a laiah a lo lang a, chu chu an lo hap a, bur dangah an thun leh a, chutiang zel chuan vawi engemaw zat beih a ngai a ni, hetiang, a chhunga gas zang zawk lang tura a lai atanga herh vir vak vak thei, gas burte hi Centrifuge an ti a.

(pic) Centrifuge tam tak:
Chuvangin Nuclear hlawm siam chhuahna (Reactor) te chuan Centrifuge sang tam tak a ngai a, Centrifuge sa lutuk tih vawh nan, tui tam tawk tak a ngai bawk a ni. Nuclear Reactor a len lam hi Tui a hman zat nena hisapin Light Water Reactor, Heavy Water Reactor tih te pawhin an sawi thin a. Hei hian khawilai kawm kar maia din mai a ti thei lova, Nuclear Reactor chu hmuh theiha din uai a ni thin.

(pic) Nuclear Power plant
Nuclear Bomb neite:
1. USA
2. Russia
3. France
4. UK (England)
5. China
6. India
7. Pakistan
8. North Korea
9. Israel (official-in a neihthu a la puang lo)

Siam tum nia an rin te:
1. Iran
2. Kawlram(Myanmar/Burma)

117*
A thar an hmuh belh zel a, an la hmuh belh zel rin a ni. 117 chunga 94 te chu khawvel leilung a awm an hai chhuah a ni a. Then khat chu scientist-ten a chhunga thil in rem khawm dan an sawi danglam atanga Element thar lo piang chhuak an ni bawk.

Neutral*
Atom lairil Nucleus ah hian Proton leh Neutron a awm a, Proton hi electric (+)charge nei an ni a, chu chu Electron charge (–) nei ten a hel a. Chuvangin a awm zat pawh in ang chiah tur a ni. Neutron hian charge a nei ve lova, neutral a ni. Proton leh Electron awm zat a in ang lo a nih chuan, Ion an ti a, Entir nan Oxygen hian proton pa 8 leh Electron 8 nei tur a ni a, Proton pa 8 hi chu a danglam thei lova; a danglam chuan Element dang a ni daih ang, Electron pa 7 chauh a lo neih chuan, Proton number pa 8 na khan kawp tur a nei ve lova, charge + a nih bawk avangin he Atom hian charge (+) a pu ang, Atom dang atangin rawn zawm tur Electron nei chuang a awm chuan chu nen chuan an inkawp chat ang a, chu chu Reaction awmzia a ni a.

Radioactivity*
Element thenkhat hi Radioactive nihna an nei a, chu chu, anmahni atang hian ‘eng zungzam a chhuak’ tihna a ni awm e. Beta ray, Alpha ray, Gama ray te hi a ni a. Khawihtheih hmuh theih ni silovin chakna a ngah em em a, scientist tam tak chuan heng element an khawih laiin he Radioactive ray man/chhun avang hian nunna an hloh a ni. X-ray hi mihring te siam chhuah ‘eng zung’ chi khat a ni a, phui mup anga kan hmuh kan vun leh tisa chhun tlanga, kan kaw chhung hmuh theih nana siam a ni.

Hotupa*
Uranium hmanga bomb siam tur liau liau a hnathawk an ni a, a hotupa ber chu General Leslie Groves a ni a, J. Rober-a hi Scientific lam hotu a ni.